**Lesson Plan: Consonant Groups ‘ph’ and ‘gh’ as an ‘f’ Sound**
**Grade Level:** Primary 6
**Subject:** Phonics
**Duration:** 60 minutes
**Lesson Topic:** Consonant groups ‘ph’ and ‘gh’ as an ‘f’ sound
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### **Objective:**
1. Students will identify the consonant groups ‘ph’ and ‘gh’ and understand that they can make the /f/ sound.
2. Students will pronounce and read words that contain ‘ph’ and ‘gh’.
3. Students will be able to spell and use words with ‘ph’ and ‘gh’ in sentences.
### **Materials:**
1. Flashcards with words containing ‘ph’ and ‘gh’
2. Whiteboard and markers
3. Workbooks or notebooks
4. Phonics worksheets
5. Audio recording device or software (optional)
6. Word matching cards
7. Visual aids (pictures related to the words)
8. Highlighters or colored pencils
### **Lesson Structure:**
**Introduction (10 minutes):**
1. Begin the lesson by writing the consonant groups ‘ph’ and ‘gh’ on the whiteboard.
2. Ask the students if they know any words that contain ‘ph’ or ‘gh’ and list them on the board.
3. Explain that in these words, ‘ph’ and ‘gh’ can make an /f/ sound. Provide a couple of examples:
- ‘ph’: elephant, phone
- ‘gh’: tough, laugh
**Development (20 minutes):**
1. **Flashcard Activity:**
- Show flashcards with words like ‘elephant’, ‘phone’, ‘tough’, and ‘laugh’. Pronounce each word clearly and ask the students to repeat.
- Ask students to identify the ‘ph’ or ‘gh’ in each word and underline it on the flashcard.
2. **Interactive Whiteboard Exercise:**
- Write a few sentences on the whiteboard and ask students to come up one by one to highlight words containing ‘ph’ and ‘gh’. (e.g., “The elephant is tough and strong.”)
**Practice (20 minutes):**
1. **Worksheets:**
- Hand out worksheets with exercises that include filling in the blanks with appropriate ‘ph’ or ‘gh’ words (e.g., He talked on the __one).
2. **Sentence Creation:**
- In their workbooks, ask students to write 3-4 sentences using at least one word containing ‘ph’ or ‘gh’ (e.g., "I laughed when I saw the photograph.").
3. **Word Matching Game:**
- Distribute word matching cards to students. One set contains words with ‘ph’ and ‘gh’. The other set contains pictures or definitions. Students need to match the words with the correct pictures or definitions.
**Assessment (10 minutes):**
1. **Oral Reading:**
- Call on individual students to read aloud sentences or short paragraphs containing ‘ph’ and ‘gh’ words from the board or a provided text.
2. **Spelling Quiz:**
- Conduct a short, informal spelling quiz where students write down ‘ph’ and ‘gh’ words pronounced by the teacher.
**Conclusion (5 minutes):**
1. Recap the lesson by reviewing the key points: the /f/ sound made by ‘ph’ and ‘gh’ and examples of words.
2. Encourage students to find more ‘ph’ and ‘gh’ words at home or in their reading and make sentences with them.
**Homework:**
1. Create a list of 10 additional words that contain ‘ph’ or ‘gh’ from their home reading books or dictionary.
2. Write a short story or paragraph using at least 5 words containing ‘ph’ and ‘gh’.
**Reflection:**
- Ask students to share what they found interesting or challenging about the lesson.
- Collect feedback to inform future lessons.
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**Note:** Adjust the activities and pace according to the class size, proficiency level, and specific needs of your students.